Jeudi 4 avril 2024 à 17h : Sophie Scott-Brown (St Andrews) – The Impolitics of Internationalism: The International Society for Socialist Studies (1955-1956)

The International Society for Socialist Studies (ISSS)was formally launched at a conference in Paris, 23-25 March 1956. It was the fruit of efforts by veteran British socialist GDH Cole in co-operation with the great and the good of Europe’s left. Disappointed with the Soviet Experiment and welfarist Labourism in his own country, Cole believed the left needed to be weaned from the narrow nationalistic interests of politicians and reset on the universal principles of peace and anti-colonialism. Organising this should entail an ambitious, genuinely international endeavour, a great collaboration co-ordinated by a council comprised of people from different countries but not representing those countries. This council would not set down a programme or doctrine but manage an international network allowing members to learn of and support projects, protests, and activities across borders.

Cole’s idea was eagerly taken up and the Paris conference seemed to confirm that a bright new force had entered the European political arena. For two days delegates gave passionate speeches pledging whole hearted support from the left in their own countries. Cole was satisfied, a wonderful start had been made, but he was also unwell and spent much of the time he was not called to the platform in his hotel room. While he rested upstairs, a very different kind of conference was taking place below, one which highlighted the very real limits of his vision and the form that he saw it in.

In this talk, I first discuss the ‘front stage’ of the conference, the ideals Cole and fellow delegates were ready to formally affirm. I then go ‘backstage’ and show how the private discussions between members undermined the principles they publicly espoused. It will be of no surprise that political people are duplicitous, but considering this conference closely highlights the key tensions in the post-war European left, spotlighting the fault lines which hampered efforts for socialist regeneration across Europe. Cole believed socialism in a globalised world must be prepared to ‘act local and think global’. Paris ’56 showed was that the European left were only prepared to talk global and think local. While this reduced their capacity for co-operation in spring 1956, experiencing this spectacle first hand had a powerful impact on future New Left activists like the Jamaican student Stuart Hall. 

Sophie Scott-Brown is a research fellow at St Andrew’s Institute of Intellectual History, specialising in the history of activism and radical politics. She is the author of Radical Fifties: Activist Politics in Cold War Britain (OUP, forthcoming), Colin Ward and the Art of Everyday Anarchism (Routledge, 2022), and The histories of Raphael Samuel: Portrait of a People’s Historian (ANU, 2017). Her work has also appeared in Journal of the History of Ideas, Modern Intellectual History, Journal of European History of Ideas, Global Intellectual History and British Journal of Educational Studies.  She is currently working on the ‘The Artful Science: Transatlantic Dialogues on Activism and Radical Democracy 1945-1963’. 

Séminaire franco-britannique d’histoire

Jeudi 17 février 2022 à 17h

Maison de la recherche

28 rue Serpente, Paris 6^e, salle D421

Florence Sutcliffe-Braithwaite (University College London), ‘No More Walls. Homelessness in London after 1945’

This paper aims to sketch out changing state policy on “homelessness” and the changing ecology of homelessness in postwar London, as well as saying something about how this impacted on the experiences of Londoners who found themselves without a home in the three decades after 1945.

The Second World War intensified the emotional weight invested in “home” in British culture; it created mass homelessness in London (and in other cities), but it also ushered in the “people’s peace”, the final sweeping away of the Poor Law, and the beginning of a major push by Labour and Tory governments to build council and private housing. In the three decades after 1945, patterns of homelessness in London were shaped by those developments, as well as slum clearance, new commonwealth migration, racialized council-house allocation policies, full employment and the slow arrival of “affluence”. In this period, street-sleeping was reduced to very low levels in London – though the actual levels were contested – and, more slowly, homelessness and inadequate housing for families were reduced – though never eradicated. Remnants of the Poor Law remained, however, not least in the reception centres which dealt with homeless individuals and families, which were set up in old Poor Law buildings. Remnants of the pre-war way of thinking about homelessness also persisted, in the way policy was gendered, and in the way ‘vagrants’ – those without a ‘settled way of life’ – were thought about. The overview of the infrastructure for and policy about homeless people thus shows that older, moralised ways of approaching the issue persisted in the welfare state.

Florence Sutcliffe-Braithwaite est historienne, spécialiste de la Grande-Bretagne au XXe siècle. Elle est notamment l’auteure de Class, politics, and the decline of deference in England, 1968-2000 (Oxford University Press, 2018), et elle mène, avec Natalie Thomlinson,, un projet d’histoire orale sur les femmes dans la grève des mineurs de 1984-1985.