Archives par mot-clé : 20ème siècle

20ème siècle

Louise A. Jackson, ‘Gender equalities at work: writing an interdisciplinary history of feminist campaigning in the UK c. 1970-2020’ (19 oct.)

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Jeudi 19 octobre à 17h : Louise A. Jackson (Edimbourg), ‘Gender equalities at work: writing an interdisciplinary history of feminist campaigning in the UK c. 1970-2020’

It is 50 years since landmark legislation – the Equal Pay Act 1970 and Sex Discrimination Act 1975 – gave legal effect to the principle of gender equality in the workplace as a statutory requirement in the UK. Whilst campaigns were stimulated by the Women’s Liberation Movement, which rejected formal organisational models, they were taken forward by trade unionists as well as those who moved into occupational roles as lawyers, journalists, equal opportunities experts, policy advisers and ‘femocrats’ within mainstream institutions. This paper draws on interdisciplinary research conducted for the AHRC-funded project Gender Equalities at Work, which seeks to map the trajectories and experiences of equal pay and anti-discrimination campaigning since the 1970s and up to the present. The project overall provides a comprehensive analysis of the strategies, mechanisms, networks and tools that were used by key actors to shift the terms of legal and cultural discourse. This paper will discuss two discrete elements of our work. Firstly, it will explore some of the methodological challenges and benefits of working across disciplines to write a contemporary history of feminist campainging. Secondly, it will focus in on one particular strand: campaigning against workplace sexual harassment (which was judged to be a form of sex discrimination in 1986), to provide a characterisation of campaigning phases from the 1970s through to #MeToo. In so doing, it will seek to comment on how understanding of its history contributes to current debates on legal responses to sexual harassment. 

 

Louise A. Jackson is Professor of Modern Social History at the University of Edinburgh. Her research has traversed the social history of childhood and youth, women’s history, gender history and histories of the law, criminal justice and policing in Modern Britain. She is the author or co-author of five monographs including Women Police: Welfare and Surveillance in the Twentieth Century (2006), Policing Youth: Britain, 1945-70 (2014) and Police and Community in Twentieth-Century Scotland (2020). She is an editor of Social History, the international academic journal. The paper draws on the project ‘Gender Equalities at Work – an Interdisciplinary History of 50 Years of Legislation’, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) and a collaboration between researchers at the University of Edinburgh, University College London, and The University of the West of England.

Jane Humphries, ‘“The best job in the world”: breadwinning and the capture of household labour in 19th and early 20th-century British coal mining’ (8/12)

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Jeudi 8 décembre 2022 à 17h (salle D421 à Serpente) :

Jane Humphries (Oxford / LSE ), ‘“The best job in the world”: breadwinning and the capture of household labour in 19th and early 20th-century British coal mining’

This paper, written with Ryah Thomas, explores the effects of gender inequality and women’s disempowerment in the context of historical coalmining. Across the US and Europe, ex-coalmining regions are characterized by significant deprivation. While there are many reasons for persistent problems, this study focuses on the restrictions imposed on women’s involvement in economic life. Families in mining communities exemplified the male breadwinner structure, in which men’s earnings supported wives and children who provided domestic services in return. This article, however, exposes a different reality of household economics and relations of dominance and subordination: All family members were integrated into the coalmining production process and the creation of profit. Women’s unpaid work did not simply provide domestic comfort; it transferred well-being from women and children to men and simultaneously contributed to the colliery companies’ profits. These findings revise accounts of mining families while providing insight into the intransigence of deprivation in ex-coalmining areas.

Ann Towns: « Globalizing the Exclusion of Women from Politics in the Long Nineteenth Century »

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Ann Towns de l’Université de Göteborg, présentera sa communication « Globalizing the Exclusion of Women from Politics in the Long Nineteenth Century » le jeudi 6 octobre, de 17h30 à 19h30. Maison de la Recherche, 28 rue Serpente, Paris 6e , salle D421.

Résumé :

This seminar focuses on the importance of gender in the British-dominated nineteenth century society of states. More specifically, the seminar pulls together scholarship in history to provide a grand narrative – a macro-historical account — of the centrality of gender in the development and globalization of state polities between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries. The talk first focuses on the diverse ways in which gender was organized in polities around the world in the eighteenth and nineteenth century – some polities included female rule, whereas others were male dominated. The talk then shows that this diversity gave way to more uniform exclusion of women, as the barring of female political power became an informal standard of civilization in international society, embedded in British and French colonialism and scientific ideas. The expansion of the ideas and practices of British-dominated international society thus helped spread and standardize male rule, displacing gender arrangements that empowered women politically in Africa, Native America and Asia. This history is particularly important in light of contemporary assumptions about the Anglo-American origins of the political empowerment of women.

 

Laura Tabili: “‘To Keep My Living for Time Being’: Strategies of Makeshift in Interwar Britain”

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Laura Tabili, de l’Université d’Arizona, présentera sa communication “‘To Keep My Living for Time Being’: Strategies of Makeshift in Interwar Britain” le jeudi 17 mai, de 17h à 19h. Maison de la Recherche, 28 rue Serpente, Paris 6e , salle D421.

La séance sera suivie d’un pot de fin d’année, vers 19h.

Discutant: Yann Béliard

Résumé:
The paper will reconstruct patterns of migration, work and settlement among migrants from the colonies to Britain, focusing on the 1920s and 1930s. Migration from colonies to metropoles partook of specific power relations and economic arrangements, yet also formed part of a broader and unprecedented population mobility between 1800 and 1950. Although scholars are aware that this population moved to and from, into and around Britain and the North Sea and Atlantic littoral, we still know little about where they lived, how much they mixed and married with local people, and the extent to which these patterns persisted or altered after the second world war. Analyzing records of several hundred individuals enables systematically reconstructing their places of origin, time, place and manner of arrival in Britain, patterns of dispersal and settlement within Britain, their strategies of getting a living and their travels within and beyond Britain.
Feminist historians have described how women compensated for their disadvantage in labor markets while reconciling social labor with domestic responsibilities through “economies of makeshift” involving paid and unpaid labor within and outside the household, as well as pawning, scrounging and semi-legal activities. This paper specifically describes how colonized migrants in Britain similarly compensated for their limited and constrained occupational choices by moving from job to job, town to town, and occupation to occupation.

Lawrence Goldman: “Founding the Welfare State: The Collective Biography of William Beveridge, R. H. Tawney and William Temple”

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Lawrence Goldman, de l’Institute of Historical Research, présentera sa communication “Founding the Welfare State: The Collective Biography of William Beveridge, R. H. Tawney and William Temple” le jeudi 7 avril, de 17h à 19h. Maison de la Recherche, 28 rue Serpente, Paris 6e , salle D421.

En raison des contrôles de sécurité, les personnes extérieures à Paris IV souhaitant assister à ce séminaire sont invitées à se munir d’une carte d’étudiant ou d’une carte professionnelle, ou encore d’une carte d’identité et de cette annonce imprimée.

Podcast ci-dessous ou sur le site de la SAS:

 

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Résumé:

This paper will examine the close personal relations between three of the most prominent British social reformers of the twentieth century. Tawney and Temple were at school together; all three overlapped as students in the same Oxford college; Tawney married Beveridge’s sister; they remained friends and colleagues for the rest of their lives. What do these personal relationships tell us about social politics in Britain between 1900-1950? Can the Welfare State be reduced to three interlocking biographies? And in what ways was the English intellectual and political elite different from the French elite in this period?

Paul Pickering, “Rethinking Australia after 1788: an island nation in a British world”

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Paul Pickering, de la Australian National University, présentera sa communication “Rethinking Australia after 1788: an island nation in a British world” le vendredi 1er avril, de 14h à 16h. Maison de la Recherche, 28 rue Serpente, Paris 6e , salle D323.

Changement de date : cette séance remplace celle initialement prévue le 31 mars, reportée en raison de la journée de mobilisation contre la loi travail.

Podcast ci-dessous et sur le site de la SAS:

Résumé:

Australia is often cited as one of the most successful democracies in the world. Many of the social and political reforms achieved in Australia before the First World War were implemented well before the Imperial metropole. Indeed, as early as the 1890s, Australia was widely regarded as a ‘workingman’s paradise’ and a ‘Better Britain’. The achievement of a comparatively progressive and democratic society however was tainted by racist views, which diverged markedly from the abstract notions of indigenous rights in the Empire. This paper will examine the relationship between Britain and the ‘Better Britain’ in the antipodes and question the value of telling stories of the British World.

Lucy Delap: “Men, women’s liberation and guilt c. 1970-1990: thoughts on the history of emotions”

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Lucy Delap, de l’Université de Cambridge, présentera sa communication “Men, women’s liberation and guilt c. 1970-1990: thoughts on the history of emotions” le jeudi 24 mars de 17h à 19h. Maison de la Recherche, 28 rue Serpente, Paris 6e , salle D421.

En raison des contrôles de sécurité, les personnes extérieures à Paris IV souhaitant assister à ce séminaire sont invitées à se munir d’une carte d’étudiant ou d’une carte professionnelle, ou encore d’une carte d’identité et de cette annonce imprimée.

Discutante: Anne Besnault-Lévita, de l’Université de Rouen

Podcast ci-dessous et sur le site de la SAS:

Résumé:

Feminism posed powerful political and emotional challenges to progressive men in the 1970s and 1980s. In this paper, Lucy Delap investigates politically and personally motivated attempts to ‘feel differently’ by men in Britain who identified as ‘anti-sexist’ and aligned themselves with the Women’s Liberation Movement. This rescripting of emotions was a central way in which both men and women felt that gender change might be achieved. Through exploring emotions of guilt and shame, she will discuss the concept of the male gaze, and its political and emotional impact on progressive men. Methodologically, this raises the question of how to historicise inner states which may leave few traces. Oral history sources can provide us with extraordinarily rich sources in thinking about emotions. However, innovative and interdisciplinary approaches are needed to read affects as entities that exceed what can be said, and to uncover the emotional lexicon of gesture and gaze.

Selina Todd, autour de son livre The People: The Rise and Fall of the Working Class, 1910-2010

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Selina Todd, de l’Université d’Oxford, ouvrira une discussion autour de son livre The People: The Rise and Fall of the Working Class, 1910-2010 (London, John Murray, 2014) le jeudi 17 mars de 17h à 19h. Maison de la Recherche, 28 rue Serpente, Paris 6e , salle D421.

En raison des contrôles de sécurité, les personnes extérieures à Paris IV souhaitant assister à ce séminaire sont invitées à se munir d’une carte d’étudiant ou d’une carte professionnelle, ou encore d’une carte d’identité et de cette annonce imprimée.

Discutant: Yann Béliard de l’Université Paris 3-Sorbonne Nouvelle

Podcast ci-dessous et sur le site de la SAS:

Présentation de l’éditeur : ‘There was nothing extraordinary about my childhood or background. And yet I looked in vain for any aspect of my family’s story when I went to university to read history, and continued to search fruitlessly for it throughout the next decade. Eventually I realised I would have to write this history myself.’

What was it really like to live through the twentieth century? In 1910 three-quarters of the population were working class, but their story has been ignored until now. Based on the first-person accounts of servants, factory workers, miners and housewives, award-winning historian Selina Todd reveals an unexpected Britain where cinema audiences shook their fists at footage of Winston Churchill, communities supported strikers and pools winners (like Viv Nicholson) refused to become respectable. Charting the rise of the working class, through two world wars to their fall in Thatcher’s Britain and today, Todd tells their story for the first time, in their own words. Uncovering a huge hidden swathe of Britain’s past, The People is the vivid history of a revolutionary century and the people who really made Britain great.

Mathilde Bertrand: “Le mouvement community photography dans les années 1970 et 1980: quelle approche méthodologique pour l’histoire des pratiques photographiques militantes?”

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Mathilde Bertrand, de l’université Bordeaux-Montaigne, présentera sa communication “Le mouvement community photography dans les années 1970 et 1980 : quelle approche méthodologique pour l’histoire des pratiques photographiques militantes?” le jeudi 7 janvier de 17h à 19h. Maison de la Recherche, 28 rue Serpente, Paris 6e , salle D421.

En raison des contrôles de sécurité, les personnes extérieures à Paris IV souhaitant assister à ce séminaire sont invitées à se munir d’une carte d’étudiant ou d’une carte professionnelle, ou encore d’une carte d’identité et de cette annonce imprimée.

Discutant: John Mullen , de l’université de Rouen

Podcast ci-dessous et sur le site de la SAS:

Résumé:

Le mouvement community photography apparaît en Angleterre à la fin des années soixante. Il se développe dans le sillage de la contre-culture, dont il adopte la posture contestataire et le projet culturel alternatif. Alors que la photographie entre dans un processus de légitimation artistique, le mouvement engage une réflexion critique et politique sur les usages sociaux du médium. Il se façonne également selon des principes et objectifs proches du mouvement community action, activisme grassroots qui se développe dans les zones urbaines défavorisées et mobilise un discours radical d’émancipation et de participation collective de la population à l’échelle locale. Continuer la lecture →

Franziska Heimburger: “Mésentente Cordiale? Languages in the Allied Coalition on the Western Front of the First World War”

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Franziska Heimburger, de l’Université Paris IV-Sorbonne, présentera sa communication “Mésentente Cordiale? Languages in the Allied Coalition on the Western Front of the First World War” le jeudi 22 octobre de 17h à 19h. Maison de la Recherche, 28 rue Serpente, Paris 6e , salle D421.

Discutant : André Loez (historien de la grande guerre, membre du Crid 14-18, professeur en classes préparatoires)

Podcast ci-dessous ou sur le site de la SAS:

Résumé:

Previous scholarship on the Allied coalition during the First World War has tended to stress the misunderstandings and distrust between the individuals representing their countries at high command level. There is an unexplained tension between this mésentente and the durable nature of the coalition and eventual victory of the French, British and Americans on the Western Front which leaves the lower echelons underexplored. In a joint and linked study of language practice and military logistics we can write a history which tells us both how these exchanges were possible and to what extent they contributed to the Allies’ victory. Official and private archival material enables us both to read traces of language from the perspective of the history of international exchanges and also to understand choices in military logistics from the point of view of interpreting and translation studies. Continuer la lecture →

Claire Délen: “‘First Name in Biscuits’: production et consommation des biscuits Huntley and Palmers, 1841-1976”

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Claire Delen, de l’Université paris IV-Sorbonne, présentera sa communication “‘First Name in Biscuits’: production et consommation des biscuits Huntley and Palmers, 1841-1976” le jeudi 15 octobre de 17h à 19h. Maison de la Recherche, 28 rue Serpente, Paris 6e , salle D421.

Discutante: Marie-Emmanuelle Chessel de l’EHESS

Le podcast est disponible ci-dessous et sur le site de la SAS:

Résumé:

Huntley and Palmers, nom oublié aujourd’hui, était le plus grand producteur de biscuits à la fin du 19e siècle, et la France était sa première destination d’exportation. Ses biscuits de luxe rappellent un mode de production et surtout de consommation oublié. Le consommateur de la fin du 19e et du début du 20e siècle se voyait offrir des centaines de biscuits différents, tous plus raffinés les uns que les autres. Réservés aux classes moyennes et supérieures de par leur prix, ces biscuits étaient consommés par les enfants aussi bien que par les adultes dans les soirées chics, et par les têtes couronnées d’Europe et de l’Empire. Huntley and Palmers a innové et façonné le produit tel que nous le connaissons aujourd’hui. Mais la démocratisation du biscuit au milieu du 20e siècle et la grande distribution ont finalement apporté aux classes populaires un produit auparavant réservé à l’élite, sonnant le glas de ces firmes de luxe, des catalogues aux centaines de biscuits, et des boîtes en fer-blanc ouvragées.

Alessandro Stanziani autour de son livre Sailors, Slaves, and Immigrants. Bondage in the Indian Ocean World, 1750-1914

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Alessandro Stanziani de l’EHESS ouvrira une discussion autour de son livre Sailors, Slaves, and Immigrants. Bondage in the Indian Ocean World, 1750-1914, Palgrave, 2014, le jeudi 24 septembre de 17h à 19h. Maison de la Recherche, 28 rue Serpente, Paris 6e , salle D421.

Discutant: François-Joseph Ruggiu de Paris IV-Sorbonne.

Podcast ci-dessous et sur le site de la SAS:

Résumé: Slaves, convicts, indentured immigrants, and unfree seamen have traveled the world’s oceans at many times and places throughout human history. Across the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, this bondage took divergent forms and exhibited a range of historical dynamics. In spite of this variety, the conventional Atlantic World historical paradigm has largely shaped our understanding of modernity as being defined by exploration and discovery, European dominance, global capitalism, and the transition from slavery to free labor. Not only does this perspective evince a Eurocentric emphasis on the ‘uniqueness’ of the West, but it is increasingly contested even for the Atlantic itself. This provocative study contrasts the romantic conflation of freedom and the sea with the complex labor relationships of seamen, slaves, and immigrants in the Indian Ocean during the long nineteenth century. In the process, it advances a new framework for understanding labor, bondage, and modernization.

Jacques Carré: ” “La Bastille des pauvres”: écrire l’histoire de la workhouse anglaise, 1630-1930″

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Jacques Carré, professeur émérite à Paris IV, présentera sa communication ” “La Bastille des pauvres” : écrire l’histoire de la workhouse anglaise, 1630-1930″ le jeudi 21 mai, de 17h30 à 19h30.

Maison de la Recherche de l’Université Paris IV-Sorbonne (28 rue Serpente, Paris 6e), salle D421. Le séminaire est ouvert aux étudiants de Master et doctorat, ainsi qu’à toutes les personnes intéressées. En raison des contrôles à l’entrée du bâtiment, il est recommandé d’imprimer cette annonce et de la présenter à l’accueil.

Podcast ci-dessous et sur le site de l’IHR:

Résumé:

La workhouse est une institution publique d’assistance qui, durant trois siècles, a hébergé les indigents qui acceptaient d’y entrer. Les valides devaient travailler en échange de leur entretien, et les non valides de tous âges étaient assistés d’une manière minimale. A la fois atelier et hospice, refuge des vagabonds et des fous, des orphelins et des vieillards, la workhouse vue du 21e siècle peut sembler avoir eu des missions contradictoires. Pourtant elle tire sa cohérence de son action sur les marges de la société. Son objectif a été de réintégrer ces catégories de gens dans une « normalité » biologique et économique. Il s’est agi à la fois de sauver des vies menacées et d’inculquer une discipline à des rebelles potentiels, l’objectif théorique étant de remettre tout le monde au travail. Continuer la lecture →

Berny Sèbe autour de son livre Heroic Imperialists in Africa

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Berny Sèbe, de l’Université de Birmingham, ouvrira une discussion autour de son livre Heroic Imperialists in Africa. The Promotion of British and French Colonial Heroes, 1870–1939 (Manchester, 2013), le jeudi 7 mai, de 17h30 à 19h30.

Maison de la Recherche de l’Université Paris IV-Sorbonne (28 rue Serpente, Paris 6e), salle D421. Le séminaire est ouvert aux étudiants de Master et doctorat, ainsi qu’à toutes les personnes intéressées. En raison des contrôles à l’entrée du bâtiment, il est recommandé d’imprimer cette annonce et de la présenter à l’accueil.

Podcast ci-dessous et sur le site de l’IHR:

Résumé:

De David Livingstone à Charles de Foucauld, de Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza au Général Gordon, du « sirdar » Kitchener à Jean-Baptiste Marchand, les porte-drapeaux de la « mission civilisatrice », munis de leur Bible ou de leur fusil – parfois des deux, ont souvent été fêtés avec enthousiasme dans leurs pays. Leurs « exploits » ont fait la une des journaux, inspirant des générations de biographes, peintres et cinéastes. Continuer la lecture →

Gopalan Balachandran, “Coolies to Cosmopolitans: the Global World of Indian Seafarers, c. 1870-1945”

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Gopalan Balachandran du Graduate Institute de Genève présentera sa communication “Coolies to Cosmopolitans: the Global World of Indian Seafarers, c. 1870-1945” le jeudi 12 mars, de 17h30 à 19h30.

Maison de la Recherche de l’université Paris IV-Sorbonne (28 rue Serpente, Paris 6e), salle D421. Le séminaire est ouvert aux étudiants de Master et doctorat, ainsi qu’à toutes les personnes intéressées. En raison des contrôles à l’entrée du bâtiment, il est recommandé d’imprimer cette annonce et de la présenter à l’accueil.

Podcast ci-dessous ou sur le site de l’IHR.

 

Résumé:

This talk discusses some key aspects of my research on Indian seafarers in international shipping in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Numbering in the tens of thousands and sailing round the world on British, American, and other merchant ships, seafarers were India’s, and possibly the world’s, first global workers. Working on decks, and in engine rooms, kitchens, and cabins of luxury liners and tramps, in times of peace these maritime workers were an invisible but indispensable part of the world forming at the time, not only through the vessels they sailed and the cargoes and passengers these carried, but also their own lives afloat and ashore. When Britain went to war, they made a crucial difference for it between life and death, survival and starvation, victory and defeat.

Continuer la lecture →